‘Crude’ Alliance – Economic Decolonisation and Oil Power in the Non-Aligned World

The article examines Yugoslavia's and by extension the Non-Aligned Movement's relations with Middle East, reflecting more broadly on developmental hierarchies inner divides between oil producing non-oil countries within Movement. ‘energy shocks’ of 1970s had a dramatic impact non-OPEC developing sowed long-lasting rifts in non-aligned/developing world. embeds these events debates about ‘New International Economic Order’ (NIEO), economic decolonisation nationalisation energy resources 1970s, but also seeks to provide longer-term overview political that non-aligned Yugoslavia sought forge particular other partners such as Egypt, Iraq, Libya Kuwait. New forms Cold War multilateralism emerged consequence crisis – supply Arab areas which traditionally relied Soviet not only foreshadowed emergence new hierarchical dependent relationship it engendered cooperation strategic multi-alignment through pooling expertise from non-aligned, Eastern Bloc states United Nations, illustrated here Adria Oil Pipeline built co-financed Yugoslavia, Kuwait, Libya, Hungary, Czechoslovakia World Bank.